Historic Trends and Geographic Patterns

By Timothy Collins, Ronald D Eller, and Glen Edward Taul
Maps by Eugene McCann and Stephen Hanna
With assistance from Sarah Dewees, Theresa Rajack, and Boyd Shearer

This study was developed by the University of Kentucky Appalachian Center under a contract with the Kentucky River Area Development District, with major funding from the Ford Foundation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
# PART I
# KRADD: A Distinct Region Within The Cumberland Plateau 1
# Introduction 1
# Early Development Patterns 1
# Industrialization, 1861-1920 4
# The Great Depression and Beyond 6
# PART II
# INTRODUCTION 11
# DEMOGRAPHICS 11
# POPULATION CHANGES 11
# POPULATION BY AGE GROUP 12
# GEOGRAPHY OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 15
# EMPLOYMENT 16
# BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS 17
# TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 18
# MINING EMPLOYMENT 19
# MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT 20
# GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT 20
# SERVICE JOBS 21
# LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS 22
# UNEMPLOYMENT RATES 22
# LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION 23
# WORK FORCE COMMUTING PATTERNS 23
# WAGES AND INCOME 24
# AVERAGE EARNINGS FOR JOBS 24
# AVERAGE PLACEMENT WAGES 25
# PER-CAPITA INCOME 25
# PER-CAPITA TRANSFER PAYMENTS 26
# TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 27
# PERSONS WITHOUT WAGES 28
# PERSONS WITH SELF INCOME 29
# POVERTY 30
# POVERTY RATES 30
# CHILDREN UNDER 18 IN POVERTY 31
# PERSONS RECEIVING PUBLIC ASSISTANCE 33
# EDUCATION 34
# HIGH-SCHOOL GRADUATES 34
# ASSOCIATE DEGREES 35
# OVERALL RANKING AND CONCLUSIONS 36
# GROWTH CENTER DEVELOPMENT 36
# DEMOGRAPHICS 36
# EMPLOYMENT 36
# LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS 36
# WAGES AND INCOME 38
# POVERTY 38
# EDUCATION 38
# PART III
# SELECTED COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS SERVING KRADD 39